Step 1: Cook the Pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the pasta and cook according to package directions until al dente. Drain the pasta and rinse with cold water to stop the cooking process. Set aside to cool.
Step 2: Cook the Chicken: In a bowl, toss the chicken breasts with olive oil, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Grill, bake, or pan-fry the chicken until cooked through (internal temperature of 165F or 74C). Let the chicken cool slightly, then dice or slice it into bite-sized pieces.
Step 3: Prepare the Caesar Dressing: In a large bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, Parmesan cheese, lemon juice, Dijon mustard, minced garlic, and anchovy paste (if using). Gradually whisk in milk until the dressing reaches a desired consistency. Taste and adjust seasoning as needed.
Step 4: Assemble the Salad: In a large bowl, combine the cooked pasta, diced chicken, and chopped romaine lettuce. Pour the Caesar dressing over the mixture and toss gently to coat all ingredients evenly.
Step 5: Add Croutons and Serve: Just before serving, gently stir in the croutons to maintain their crispness. Garnish with additional Parmesan cheese, if desired. Serve immediately or chill for later.
For a vegetarian option, substitute the chicken with chickpeas or white beans. Add sun-dried tomatoes or artichoke hearts for extra flavor and texture. If a lighter dressing is preferred, use Greek yogurt instead of mayonnaise for part of the dressing.