Step 1: Cook the Pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the linguine and cook according to package directions until al dente. Reserve about 1 cup of pasta water before draining.
Step 2: Saut the Garlic: While the pasta is cooking, heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes (if using) and saut for about 1 minute, until fragrant. Be careful not to burn the garlic.
Step 3: Cook the Shrimp: Add the shrimp to the skillet and cook for 2-3 minutes per side, until pink and opaque. If using white wine, pour it into the skillet and let it simmer for 1 minute.
Step 4: Make the Sauce: Stir in the lemon juice, parsley, salt, and pepper. If desired, add the butter for extra richness. Bring the sauce to a simmer.
Step 5: Combine Pasta and Sauce: Add the drained pasta to the skillet with the shrimp sauce. Toss to coat, adding a little reserved pasta water if needed to create a creamy consistency.
Step 6: Serve: Serve immediately, garnished with grated Parmesan cheese. A sprinkle of fresh parsley adds a final touch of freshness.
Optional Tip: For a richer flavor, use shrimp stock in place of some of the pasta water when combining the pasta and sauce. If you do not have white wine, simply omit it or substitute with chicken broth. Adding a handful of cherry tomatoes, halved, during the last few minutes of cooking provides a burst of sweetness and color.