Step 1: Prepare the Apples: Peel, core, and dice the apples into roughly 1/2-inch pieces. A consistent size will ensure even distribution and baking throughout the cake. Set aside.
Step 2: Combine Dry Ingredients: In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, and salt. Thoroughly combining these ingredients ensures even distribution and a consistent texture in the baked cake.
Step 3: Cream Butter and Sugar: In a separate bowl, cream together the softened butter and granulated sugar until light and fluffy. This step is crucial for incorporating air into the batter, resulting in a tender cake. A stand mixer or hand mixer can be used for this process.
Step 4: Add Eggs and Vanilla: Beat in the eggs one at a time, then stir in the vanilla extract. Ensuring each egg is fully incorporated before adding the next will result in a smooth and emulsified batter.
Step 5: Alternate Adding Dry and Wet Ingredients: Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, alternating with the buttermilk, beginning and ending with the dry ingredients. Mix until just combined. Overmixing can develop the gluten in the flour, leading to a tough cake.
Step 6: Fold in Apples: Gently fold the diced apples into the batter until evenly distributed. Care should be taken not to overmix at this stage, to prevent the apples from breaking down and releasing too much moisture into the batter.
Step 7: Prepare the Pan: Grease and flour a 9x13 inch baking pan. Alternatively, line the pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang for easy removal of the baked cake.
Step 8: Bake the Cake: Pour the batter into the prepared pan and spread evenly. Bake in a preheated oven at 350F (175C) for 45-50 minutes, or until a wooden skewer inserted into the center comes out clean. Let the cake cool in the pan for 15 minutes before inverting it onto a wire rack to cool completely.
Step 9: Prepare the Caramel Sauce: While the cake is baking, prepare the caramel sauce. In a medium saucepan, melt the butter over medium heat. Stir in the brown sugar and cook, stirring constantly, until the sugar is dissolved.
Step 10: Add Heavy Cream and Vanilla: Gradually stir in the heavy cream, being careful as the mixture may bubble up. Bring to a simmer and cook, stirring occasionally, for 5-7 minutes, or until the sauce has thickened slightly. Remove from heat and stir in the vanilla extract and salt.
Step 11: Assemble the Cake: Once the cake has cooled completely, drizzle the caramel sauce evenly over the top. Allow the caramel to set slightly before slicing and serving.
Optional Tips and Substitutions: For a richer flavor, use dark brown sugar in the caramel sauce. Pecans or walnuts can be added to the cake batter or sprinkled over the caramel topping for added crunch. For a dairy-free version, substitute the butter with a plant-based butter alternative and the buttermilk and heavy cream with their respective dairy-free counterparts.